To Kill a Mockingbird-Atticus Influences - 2069 Words

Bruce Cockburn, a well known Canadian jazz and folk artist, sang in â€Å"Lovers in a Dangerous Time† that one should â€Å"Keep kicking at the darkness ‘till it bleeds daylight†. This statement vividly outlines the determination needed to preserver through a tough situation and come out on the upside. When faced with a challenge that seems unbearable, one must remember that this effort will eventually turn into an accomplishment that they can be proud of. In Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird, the importance of Atticus Finch’s character is to influence the way the community and his children view racism. Atticus tries to change his children’s opinions and actions throughout the story by leading by example and discussing and explaining†¦show more content†¦Jem reflects upon the utter reality that there are people in any society that are not kind in any way. Jem ultimately becomes aware of the fact that what his father explains to him was right. People are not always what they appear to be and one must be careful how they conduct themselves and what they actually listen to. Undoubtedly, Atticus helped protect his children from the dangers of listening to what others say and acting upon it, making them think about if what others are doing is right before participating in it themselves. As Atticus teaches his children of equality, he also deals with trying to show the town that the black community are their equals, showing the development of his influence more openly. Illustrated primarily in his defense of Tom Robinson, Atticus begins to show his definite want to help when he stays outside the jail watching out for Tom. He sat there, â€Å"a long extension cord ran between the bars of a second floor window and down the side of the building. In the light of the bare bulb, Atticus was sitting propped against the front door... ‘He in there, Mr.Finch?’ a man said. ‘He is,’ we heard Atticus answer, ‘and he’s asleep. Don’t wake him up.’... ‘You can turn around and go home again, Walter,’ Atticus said pleasantly† (Lee 201-202). Atticus stands up for Tom when the group of men show up to get him. This makes one realize how passionate he is about saving Mr.Robinson and helping him get the fairShow MoreRelatedInfluence Of Atticus Finch In To Kill A Mockingbird1081 Words   |  5 PagesAtticus Finch is widely regarded as one of the most influential characters in modern literature. His pivotal role in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee exemplifies this influence and demonstrates his positive effect on his children, Jem and Scout. Throughout the novel, Atticus leads by example and provides lessons and teachings for his children to follow. His wisdom proves to be an instrumental part in the maturation and development of his children, and helps them to grow, learn, and adaptRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird Justice1545 Words   |  7 PagesAtticus Finch Quote 1 Atticus, you must be wrong.... Hows that? Well, most folks seem to think theyre right and youre wrong.... (11.54-56) If theres one thing that we learned from jeggings, Uggs, and chain wallets, its that the majority isnt always right. But Atticus doesnt need anyone to teach him those lessons. He already knows that individual conscience is a better guide to justice than majority opinion. The theme of justice plays a major role in To Kill a Mockingbird. IdeallyRead MoreHarper Lee : An American Author1341 Words   |  6 Pagesone major novel, yet that novel has had more influence on the country than most authors work combined. What influenced Harper Lee to write such an amazing book? Harper lee was influenced by her experiences to write To Kill A Mockingbird because of her father, her hometown, and what she observed in her community First, Harper Lee was influenced by her experiences to write To Kill a Mockingbird because like Scout s father in â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, â€Å"Her father, Amasa Coleman Lee, a lawyer inRead MoreGo Set A Watchmen By Harper Lee930 Words   |  4 Pages Published in July of 2015, â€Å"Go Set a Watchmen† is Harper Lee’s second full-length novel following her 1960 Pulitzer Award winning novel â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, a narrative within a novel where a black man is accused of raping a white woman and whom is also awaiting trial in a small Alabama town. In this, Harper Lee illustrates a theme of the injustices of prejudice, intolerance, judgments of others, and prejudice itself through the use of the setting: a time of social turmoil and havoc, a timeRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Character Analysis924 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel To Kill a Mockingbird is based on the passed experienced from Harper Lees childhood. The character of Atticus r esembles the author’s father, and the character of Scout resembles herself. To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel written by the well known author, Harper Lee. This book is written in Scouts perspective to portray her life. The main character, Scout, who is also the narrator is portrayed as a young girl who is still learning the rules of life. Her father, her brother Jem, and nannyRead MoreJem Quotes In To Kill A Mockingbird1328 Words   |  6 PagesIn To Kill A Mockingbird, Atticus, the father of Jem and Jean, has taken the position of giving Jem and Jean valuable lessons, whether what they are in. One of those lessons, was Jem being a gentleman; Jem was taught by him by promptly going to Mrs. Duboses house and read for a month - after wrecking her garden -, she had met her demise with little to no agony from her morphine addiction, because of Jem; he went to her house and read to her, that consequently had her head assuage of doing morphineRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird Essay92 1 Words   |  4 PagesContent within Books To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Assignment ENG 1D1 03 Alex Gardner December 2010 Mr. Przemieniecki Inappropriate content within books There are many different books that are studied in schools, but one should be removed from shelves. Students should not be reading about certain subject matters until they are fully invested into that specific subject. Certain inappropriate topics are racism and dated subject matter. The book, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, should beRead MoreMaycombs Unusual Disease1211 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Maycomb’s ‘Unusual’ Disease In the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, the residents seem to have all been infected by the same disease. Harper Lee, the author of the very famous novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, has used several ways of portraying this idea and is able to convince readers that her characters really do have some sort of ‘illness,’ an illness which affects people’s thoughts on how others should be treated. The novel highlights several issues including racism, childhood, injustice andRead MoreThe Significance of the Title to Kill a Mockingbird Essay1055 Words   |  5 Pagesthe title, To Kill a Mockingbird. The title To Kill a Mockingbird is very significant to the novel as it portrays many forms of mockingbirds throughout it. As the novel progresses, it becomes clear that Boo Radley and Tom Robinson are the true Mockingbirds of the story. They both are innocent from the accusations claimed upon them. When choosing the title of the novel, Harper Lee had to make sure it stood out but also was relevant to the story. To Kill a Mockingbird shows the readersRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Racism Analysis1348 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee wrote, â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† during a racial period in her home state of Alabama. This was when the South was still segregated, forcing blacks to use separate facilities apart from those used by whites. The Civil Rights movement started to become more active when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955. During this period, Martin Luther King, Jr., became the leader of the movement, and the issue began to gain serious national attention. This is

Dolphin Facts Habitat, Behavior, Diet

Dolphins (Odontoceti) are a group of 44 species of toothed whales or cetaceans. There are dolphins in every ocean on Earth, and there are freshwater species of dolphins that inhabit rivers in South Asian and South American. The largest dolphin species (the orca) grows to more than 30 feet long while the smallest, Hectors dolphin, is just 4.5 feet in length. Dolphins are well known for their intellect, their gregarious nature, and their acrobatic abilities. But there are many lesser-known qualities that make a dolphin a dolphin. Fast Facts: Dolphins Scientific Name: Odontoceti  Common Name: Dolphin (Note: This name refers to the group of 44 species classified as Odontoceti; each has its own scientific and common name.)Basic Animal Group:  MammalSize: 5 feet long to over 30 feet long, depending on the speciesWeight: Up to 6 tonsLifespan: Up to 60 years depending on the speciesDiet:  CarnivoreHabitat:  All oceans and some riversPopulation:  Varies per speciesConservation  Status:  Bottlenose dolphins are considered to be of Least Concern, while about 10 species of dolphins are listed as Severely Threatened.   Description Dolphins are small-toothed Cetaceans, a group of marine mammals that evolved from land mammals. They have developed numerous adaptations that make them well suited for life in water including a streamlined body, flippers, blowholes and a layer of blubber for insulation. Dolphins have curved beaks which means they appear to have permanent smiles. Dolphins evolved from land mammals whose legs were underneath their bodies. As a result, dolphins tails move up and down as they swim, whereas a fish’s tail moves from side to side. Dolphins, like all toothed whales, lack olfactory lobes and nerves. Because dolphins do not possess these anatomical features, they most likely have a poorly developed sense of smell. The snout of some oceanic dolphins is long and slender due to their elongated, prominent jaw bones. Within the dolphins elongated jaw bone sits numerous conical teeth (some species have as many as 130 teeth in each jaw). Species that have prominent beaks include, for example, Common Dolphin, Bottlenose Dolphin, Atlantic Humpbacked Dolphin, Tucuxi, Long-Snouted Spinner Dolphin, and numerous others. The forelimbs of a dolphin are anatomically equivalent to the forelimbs of other mammals (for example, they are analogous to arms in humans). But the bones within the forelimbs of dolphins have been shortened and made more rigid by supporting connective tissue. Pectoral flippers enable dolphins to steer and modulate their speed. The dorsal fin of a dolphin (located on the back of the dolphin) acts as a keel when the animal swims, giving the animal directional control and stability within the water. But not all dolphins have a dorsal fin. For example, the Northern Rightwhale Dolphins and the Southern Rightwhale Dolphins lack dorsal fins. Dolphins do not have prominent external ear openings. Their ear openings are small slits (located behind their eyes) which do not connect to the middle ear. Instead, scientists suggest that sound is conducted to the inner and middle ear by fat-lobes located within the lower jaw and by various bones within the skull. Tunatura/Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Dolphins live in all of the world’s seas and oceans; many inhabit coastal areas or areas with shallower water. While most dolphins prefer warmer tropical or temperate waters one species, the orca (sometimes called killer whale) lives in both the Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic Southern Ocean. Five dolphin species prefer fresh to salt water; these species inhabit rivers in South America and South Asia. Diet and Behavior Dolphins are carnivorous predators. They use their strong teeth to hold their prey, but then either swallow their prey whole tear it into small pieces. They are relatively light eaters; the bottlenose dolphin, for example, eats about 5 percent of its weight each day. Many species of dolphins migrate to find food. They consume a wide range of animals including fish, squid, crustaceans, shrimp, and octopus. The very large Orca dolphin may also eat marine mammals such as seals or marine birds such as penguins. Many dolphin species work as a group to herd or coral fish. They may also follow fishing vessels to enjoy the waste thrown overboard. Some species will also use their flukes to beat and stun their prey. Reproduction and Offspring Most dolphins become sexually mature at between 5 and 8 years old. Dolphins give birth to a single calf once every one to six years and then feed their babies milk through their nipples. Dolphin pregnancies range in length from 11 to 17 months. Location can make an impact on the gestation period. When a pregnant female is ready to deliver, she separates herself from the rest of the pod to a location near the waters surface. Dolphin calves are usually born tail first; at birth, calves are about 35–40 inches long and weigh between 23 and 65 pounds. The mother immediately brings her infant to the surface so it can breathe. Newborn calves look a bit different from their parents; they typically have dark skin with lighter bands which fade over time. Their fins are quite soft but harden very quickly. They can swim almost immediately, but do require the protection of the pod; in fact, young dolphins are typically nursed for the first two to three years of life and may stay with their mothers for up to eight years. Georgette Douwma/Getty Images   Species Dolphins are members of the order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti, Families Delphinidae, Iniidae, and Lipotidae. Within those families, there are 21 genera, 44 species, and several subspecies. The species of dolphins include: Genus: Delphinus Delphinus capensis (Long-beaked common dolphin)Delphinus delphis (Short-beaked common dolphin)Delphinus tropicalis. (Arabian common dolphin) Genus: Tursiops Tursiops truncatus (Common bottlenose dolphin)Tursiops aduncus (Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin)Tursiops australis (Burrunan dolphin) Genus: Lissodelphis Lisodelphis borealis (Northern right whale dolphin)Lssodelphis peronii (Southern right whale dolphin) Genus: Sotalia Sotalia fluviatilis (Tucuxi)Sotalia guianensis (Guiana dolphin) Genus: Sousa Sousa chinensis (Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin)Subspecies:Sousa chinensis chinensis (Chinese white dolphin)Sousa chinensis plumbea (Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin)Sousa teuszii (Atlantic Humpback Dolphin)Sousa plumbea (Indian Humpback dolphin) Genus: Stenella Stenella frontalis (Atlantic spotted dolphin)Stenella clymene (Clymene dolphin)Stenella attenuata (Pantropical spotted dolphin)Stenella longirostris (Spinner dolphin)Stenella coeruleoalba (Striped dolphin) Genus: Steno Steno bredanensis (Rough-toothed dolphin) Genus: Cephalorhynchus Cephalorhynchus eutropia (Chilean dolphin)Cephalorhynchus commersonii (Commerson’s dolphin)Cephalorhynchus heavisidii (Heaviside’s Dolphin)Cephalorhynchus hectori (Hector’s dolphin) Genus: Grampus Grampus griseus (Risso’s dolphin) Genus: Lagenodelphis Lagenodelphis hosei (Fraser’s dolphin) Genus: Lagenorhynchus Lagenorhynchus acutus (Atlantic white-sided dolphin)Lagenorhynchus obscurus (Dusky dolphin)Lagenorhynchus cruciger (Hourglass dolphin)Lagenorhynchus obliquidens (Pacific white-sided dolphin)Lagenorhynchus australis (Peale’s dolphin)Lagenorhynchus albirostris (White-beaked dolphin) Genus: Peponocephala Peponocephala electra (Melon-headed whale) Genus: Orcaella Orcaella heinsohni (Australian snubfin dolphin)Orcaella brevirostris (Irrawaddy dolphin) Genus: Orcinus Orcinus orca (Orca- Killer Whale) Genus: Feresa Feresa attenuata (Pygmy killer whale) Genus: Pseudorca Pseudorca crassidens (False Killer whale) Genus: Globicephala Globicephala melas (Long-finned pilot whale)Globicephala macrorhynchus (Short-finned pilot whale) Superfamily: Platanistoidea Genus Inia, Family: Iniidae Inia geoffrensis. (Amazon river dolphin).Inia araguaiaensis (Araguaian river dolphin). Genus Lipotes, Family: Lipotidae Lipotes vexillifer (Baiji) Genus Pontoporia, Family: Pontoporiidae Pontoporia blainvillei (La Plata dolphin) Genus Platanista, family: Platanistidae Platanista gangetica (South Asian river dolphin)Subspecies:Platanista gangetica gangetica (Ganges river dolphin)Platanista gangetica minor (Indus river dolphin) Conservation Status The Baiji has suffered dramatic population declines over recent decades due to pollution and heavy industrial use of the Yangtze River. In 2006, a scientific expedition set out to locate any remaining Baiji but failed to find a single individual in the Yangtze. The species was declared functionally extinct. Dolphins and Humans Humans have long been fascinated with dolphins, but the relationship between humans and dolphins has been complex. Dolphins are the subject of stories, myths, and legends as well as great works of art. Because of their great intelligence, dolphins have been used for military exercises and therapeutic support. They are also often kept in captivity and trained to perform; in most cases, this practice is now considered to be cruel. Sources Dolphin Facts and Information, www.dolphins-world.com/.â€Å"Dolphins.†Ã‚  Dolphin Facts, 4 Apr. 2019, www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/group/dolphins/.NOAA. Dolphins Porpoises.†Ã‚  NOAA Fisheries, www.fisheries.noaa.gov/dolphins-porpoises.

Great Wall of China Free Essays

The Rise and Fall of China’s Great Wall The rise and fall of China’s Great Wall: the race to save a world treasure – Special Report Current Events, Sept 27, 2002 Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl. net. It’s free! Save it. We will write a custom essay sample on Great Wall of China or any similar topic only for you Order Now MADE OF BRICK, STONE, and dirt, the Great Wall twists and turns across China’s landscape like a giant dragon. It seems to rise out of the sea at Bo Hal gulf, a place known to local people as Laolongtou, or â€Å"the old dragon’s head. † The wall then stretches across the plains, crawls along the sides of mountains and scales their peaks as it spans the Asian countryside. This ancient wonder, built entirely by hand, often overwhelms visitors. On a trip to the wall in 1909, French scholar Auguste Gilbert de Voisins said, â€Å"Nothing stops it, nothing gets in its way; seeing it at this point, one might believe it to be eternal. † Today, however, neglect, misuse, and modernization threaten the giant dragon. Although the wall once stretched nearly 4,000 miles across China’s northern border, only about 1,500 miles of China’s Great Wall remain. The rest has fallen apart and disappeared. This year, the World Monuments Fund placed the Great Wall on its list of 100 Most Endangered Sites. The group hopes to protect what’s left of the wall and to encourage the Chinese government and others to save the historic structure. According to a World Monuments Fund report, â€Å"[The wall] was built to protect China; now China must protect it. † The Great Wall of Qin China’s Great Wall didn’t start out so great. Begun nearly 2,300 years ago, the structure was a series of small fortifications. As early as 600 B. C. , people in China built small walls around their homes and cities for protection. Soldiers guarded the gates around the city walls during the day and swung the gates shut at night. During the Warring States period (475-221 B. C. ), leaders struggling for control of China built walls around entire kingdoms. Soldiers occupied forts and towers on the wall and fought to protect the borders of the independent states. In 221 B. C. , Qin Shi Huangdi unified the kingdoms and became the first emperor of China. Qin Shi Huangdi gave orders to build the chang cheng, or â€Å"long wall,† to protect China from northern nomads who were trying to invade China. Laborers built the wall by joining walls constructed earlier and extending the length of the wall to nearly 3,100 miles. With the help of General Meng Tian, Qin Shi Huangdi ordered 800,000 men–soldiers, prisoners, and peasants–to build the wall. Where stones were plentiful, workers used stones to build parts of the wall. Where stones were scarce, workers used dirt. To build the wall, laborers dug up large amounts of dirt and carried it to the wall. The workers then piled dirt into wooden frames about 6 inches deep. They used wooden instruments to pound the dirt until it became a solid mass. This process was repeated until the wall reached a desired height. Workers then moved the wooden frames to the next section of the wall and began the process again. According to legend, Qin Shi Huangdi condemned workers to death for making the slightest construction errors. Today, few traces of the Qin wall remain. After Qin Shi Huangdi’s death in 210 B. C. , workers abandoned the wall and it eventually crumbled into ruins. The Ming Fortress Nearly all of Qin Shi Huangdi’s successors built walls along China’s northern frontier. The fortifications, however, never fully protected China from invasion. During the early 13th century, Genghis Khan, leader of the Mongols, a nomad group from the north, united several nomad armies and conquered much of Asia. In 1279, Genghis Khan’s grandson, Kubilai Khan, overthrew the Chinese emperor and established the Yuan dynasty (1279-1368). The Yuan emperors did not maintain the old wall or build a new one, so the wall began to fall into ruins. After Khan died in 1227, a Chinese farmer named Zu Yuanzhang led a rebel army and helped overthrow the last Yuan emperor. When Zu Yuanzhang seized power, he established the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). Zu and his successors decided to rebuild China’s Great Wall, which lay mostly in ruins, to keep the Mongols from returning to reconquer China. For nearly 200 years, thousands of workers toiled away on the Ming wall–reinforcing the Great Wall with bricks and stone. The Ming wall eventually blocked mountain passes that Mongol soldiers had used to invade China. When Mongol tribes attacked the wall, Chinese soldiers alerted others by lighting signal fires. When guards from a signal tower saw the fire, they built another fire, passing the warning along the wall. The number of smoke plumes and cannon shots fired indicated to Chinese soldiers how many enemy soldiers were approaching. The Ming government taxed the people of China heavily to pay for construction of the Great Wall. In 1644, the Manchus, a nomad tribe from northeast of Peking, helped rebels overthrow the Ming rulers and started the next era in Chinese history–the Qing dynasty. During the Qing dynasty, Manchu forces drove out Mongol invaders and extended China’s border farther north beyond the Great Wall. The wall no longer protected China’s border, so construction stopped and soldiers abandoned the fortresses. The Wall At Risk Today, Chinese officials warn that the Great Wall is once again under attack. But this time the wall is not in danger from invaders. Instead local people and tourists alike threaten the wall. Dong Yaohui, head of the Great Wall Society of China, recently persuaded a local government to levy a fine on residents in a small village after they demolished part of the wall to obtain bricks for new houses. And in 1999, officials in the autonomous region of Nei Monggol (once called Inner Mongolia) plowed through the Great Wall to build a highway. Nature has also taken its toll. At the wall’s western end, desert sandstorms have worn down much of China’s great wonder. Dong Yaohui said, â€Å"Saving the Great Wall is now the most urgent task facing our country. Its splendor must be rebuilt. † Preservationists also argue that commercial developers are destroying the aesthetic beauty of China’s Great Wall. Developers have turned parts of the wall into a tourist destination. Visitors to the wall at the Badaling section near Beijing can take one of five cable cars to the top of the wall, bungee-jump off a section of the wall, paraglide along the wall, or ride a toboggan down the mountain. William Lindesay, an Englishman living in China, organized a group to protect and preserve what is left of the wall. Lindesay’s group, the International Friends of the Great Wall, works with local villagers to pick up garbage along the wall and make sure the wall is protected from vandals. â€Å"The wall is in grave, grave danger,† Lindesay said. The Chinese government also hopes to protect the national treasure. Officials in Beijing are considering legislation that, if passed, would convict anyone caught littering or defacing the Great Wall to a jail term of up to seven years. Arthur Waldron, a historian, wrote, â€Å"Whatever the future brings, the image of the wall †¦ as a symbol of China †¦ seems bound to endure. † Get Talking Ask students: why do you think the Great Wall of China was built? What is the approximate length of the wall? What might have been some of the challenges faced by the wall’s builders? What might the wall be threatened today? Background The Great Wall is among the most popular tourist destinations in China, along with the Forbidden City in Beijing, and the Terra Cotta Warriors at Xi’an. Qin Shi Huangdi (the first emperor of China) unified the nation of China and built the first Great Wall. After Qin Shi Huandi died, he was buried in a tomb with an army of terra cotta warriors and horses at Xi’an. In 1974, Qin Ski Huangdi’s tomb was discovered by a group of archaeologists. During the Qin Dynasty–when the first Great Wall was built–workers toiled for ten years to build the wall, at a rate of about 25 miles per month. Portions of the wall have been rebuilt during the past century–including the section of the wall at Badaling, near China’s capital of Beijing. Many myths surround China’s Great Wall. One of the most prevalent is that the Great Wall is the only man-made structure visible from the Moon. However, according to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), â€Å"The Great Wall can barely be seen from the Shuttle, so it would not be possible to see it from the Moon with the naked eye. † Doing More After students have read the story, ask them to research other sites listed as endangered by the World Monuments Fund. What are the biggest threats to those sites? Why are the sites considered important? When students have finished gathering the information, have them present their findings to the class. How to cite Great Wall of China, Essay examples

Macroeconomics Case study of Japan

Question: Discuss about the Macroeconomics for Case study of Japan. Answer: Introduction to macroeconomics, GDP and economic growth Sources Data.worldbank.org. (2016). GDP growth (annual %) | Data. Retrieved 20 November 2016, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=JP Sato, T. (2016). Global Financial Crisis: Japans Experience and Policy Response. frbsf.org. Retrieved 20 November 2016, from https://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/files/Panel_Sato.pdf Summary According to the article mentioned above, Macroeconomics is a branch of economics where national, global and regional economics are discussed. Economic variables such as gross domestic product, unemployment, inflation rate, interest rate, fiscal and monetary policy, investment. Saving and spending of public, private sectors and the individual are discussed in the macroeconomic studies. Japan is a developed country and third largest country in the world in terms of nominal GDP. As per World Bank, during 2016, nominal GDP of Japan is $4.41 trillion. After 2012, GDP of Japan started to fall steadily. However, GDP has increased in 2016 from 2015, when GDP was $4.123 trillion (data.worldbank.org, 2016). During 2008-09, GDP growth rate was negative. Japan economy is still at recovery stage after global recession in 2008-09. Figure 1: GDP growth rate of Japan (Source: data.worldbank.org, 2016) Analysis Japan economy experienced negative growth rate during 2008-09 due to the effect of global financial crisis. As stated by Soble (2015), collapse of housing and securitisation market in US hit Japan market during 2008-09 as Japanese financial firms were involved in the domestic property market. Harding Wells (2016) argued that the root of Japan banking crisis prevailed within country and hence, global financial crisis had spilled over quickly in the Japanese economy. However, short term stabilisation policy taken by government helped to overcome this situation rapidly. However, due to the after effect of global recession in 2008-09, Japan economy again entered into the recessionary phase due to decline in investment, declining confidence of investors (Sato, 2016). Moreover, economic slowdown in China was another reason. Japanese export of industrial equipment, construction machinery and capital goods reduced due to lower demand from China. However, Japan economy has started to recover during the first quarter of 2016 due to fiscal stimulation policy taken by government. Boosting aggregate demand in short term has been effective in short run. Topic 3: Wages and unemployment Sources Stat.go.jp. (2016) Statistics Bureau Home Page/Labour Force Survey/Monthly Results -September 2016-. Retrieved 20 November 2016, from https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/roudou/results/month/ mainichi.jp (2016). Japan's average minimum wage set at 823 yen per hour, biggest rise since 2002 - The Mainichi. The Mainichi. Retrieved 20 November 2016, from https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20160824/p2a/00m/0na/021000c Summary According to the article, Japanese government has raised the minimum wage rate during 2016. Government has announced that the average minimum hourly wage rate will be increased to 823 yen from 800 yen. Minimum wage in Japan varies across the region (mainichi.jp, 2016). Government has taken this policy to boost aggregate demand in the economy. Wage bargaining power of the workers in the informal sector is low. Job market in the informal sector is rigid and therefore, workers are vulnerable in the private and informal sector. Minimum wage hike may facilitate workers of all the sectors. Government has asked the business leaders to raise wages of employees to beat the effect of deflation in the economy. Figure 2: Wages in Japan (Source: Stat.go.jp, 2016) Unemployment rate in Japan economy is falling continuously from 2013 to 2016. During 2013 September, the unemployment rate was 3.95. The rate has decreased to 3% during September 2016. Unemployment rate has hit the lowest rate since 1995. Figure 3: Unemployment rate in Japan (Source: stat.go.jp, 2016) Analysis The minimum wage rise policy has been taken by the Japanese government to boost the economy from the deflationary effect. However, Nohara Miller (2016) argued that this policy discourages the business operates to hire people at a higher wage. Increase in minimum wage raises the cost of operation. Hence, there is a possibility for business firm to shift toward capital augmenting technology. Increase in minimum wage will benefit the part time worker and the low paid workers in the informal sector. On the other hand structural reform policy has kept the unemployment rate in the Japan economy low. This policy has increases the scope of job availability in the economy significantly. References Data.worldbank.org. (2016). GDP growth (annual %) | Data. Retrieved 20 November 2016, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=JP Harding, :. Wells, P. (2016). Japan GDP growth rate jumps to 1.7%. Ft.com. Retrieved 20 November 2016, from https://www.ft.com/content/866509c8-1c8e-11e6-a7bc-ee846770ec15 mainichi.jp (2016). Japan's average minimum wage set at 823 yen per hour, biggest rise since 2002 - The Mainichi. The Mainichi. Retrieved 20 November 2016, from https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20160824/p2a/00m/0na/021000c Nohara, Y. Miller, B. (2016). IMF sees Japanese talent locked in low-paying jobs | The Japan Times. The Japan Times. Retrieved 20 November 2016, from https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/09/29/business/imf-sees-japanese-talent-locked-low-paying-jobs/#.WDHMJdV97IV Sato, T. (2016). Global Financial Crisis: Japans Experience and Policy Response. frbsf.org. Retrieved 20 November 2016, from https://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/files/Panel_Sato.pdf Soble, J. (2015). Japan Economy Contracts 0.8%, Returning to Recession. Nytimes.com. Retrieved 20 November 2016, from https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/16/business/international/japan-economy-contracts-0-8-returning-to-recession.html?_r=0 Stat.go.jp. (2016) Statistics Bureau Home Page/Labour Force Survey/Monthly Results -September 2016-. Retrieved 20 November 2016, from https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/roudou/results/month/